ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ

ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช

ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืืณ ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ.

ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช

ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”. ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ืกืžืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉืœื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžืกืžืš ื”ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืจืื™ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆืžืชื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื: ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืื• ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื›ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.

ืื ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ืคื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœื›ื:

ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื•ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœืœื™, ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœื‘ื ืง ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืื• ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ? ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ืชื™ืžืชื›ื ืชืื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกืžืš.

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ื”ืขืชืง ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืื• ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืžืš ืฉืชื•ืจื’ื ื–ื”ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ "ื”ืขืชืง ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ" ืœืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช (ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื”, ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืชืืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“), ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ืงืจ ืœื›ื.

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ (ื˜ืจื•ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ) ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ (ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช), ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื ืขื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”.

ืฆื•ื•ืื” ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช: ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฆื•ื•ืื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ื•ื ื—ืชืžืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื‘, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืจืฉื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉื”.

ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืœืืฉืจ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง "ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื• ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.

ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ?

ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ืกืžืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœืืžืช ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืžืกืžืš ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงืœ ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื‘ ืœืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ.

ืžืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ?

ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ:

  • ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœื‘ื ืง, ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื• ืœืขืกืงืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.
  • ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืชืง ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ.
  • ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
  • ืฆื•ื•ืื” ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
  • ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?

ื›ืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ.

ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ?

ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืชื, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืžืช ืื• ืœืชืจื’ื.

ื”ืื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข?

ื›ืŸ. ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžืขืช ืœืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื” ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื.

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ?

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืžืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™, ืฉืžืฉืงืœื• ื”ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืฆื•ื•ืื”, ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืœืชื™ืื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™, ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื›ื?

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืืดืœ.

ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื' ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ, ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช

ืขื•ืดื“ ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืืณ ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ

ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช. ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš, ืฆื•ื•ืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘.ืก.ืจ 4 ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง.

ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ยท ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง

ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื™ื—ื“ ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.