ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ

ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ

ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืืณ ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ.

ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ

ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ: ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื

ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœ"ืžืœื—ืžื”" ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื. ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช: ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื›ืขืกื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืžืชื™ืฉื™ื.

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืฉืืชื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื: ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ื— ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืœ. ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ, ื”ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื, ืื• ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ื ืงืจ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื. ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘, ื”ืื›ื–ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื.

ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช: ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืคื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื. ืœืฆื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช (ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื). ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช "ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืœื—ืฅ", ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื”.

ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”: "ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช" ื‘ืชืคื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื—, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื. ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆืงืช ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ืืชื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘: ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื›ื ืขื“ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื• ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”; ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ืชืคืจื” ืืฆืœ ื—ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืŸ, ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžื•ืชืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.

ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืœื›ืื‘ ืฉืœ "ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•". ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื, ืืš ืื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื— ืืžื™ืชื™, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืžื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ?

ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžื’ืฉืจืช ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืขื“ ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ื”ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ืจื™ืขื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช: ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”, ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•, ื•ืžื ืกื—ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืœืžืกืžืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืื™ืš ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ, ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘?

ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื:

  1. ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื.
  2. ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•.
  3. ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื‘ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
  4. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื›ื, ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
  5. ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ?

ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.

ื”ืื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ืกื•ื™?

ื›ืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ื™ืฆืœื—.

ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื”?

ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘. ื’ื ืื–, ื”ืฉื™ื— ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื”ืื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜?

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš ื–ื” ืžื•ืœ ื–ื”.

ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืฆื•ื•ืื”, ืื• ืœืชื™ืื•ื ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช.

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ? ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.

 

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื›ื?

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืืดืœ.

ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื' ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ, ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช

ืขื•ืดื“ ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืืณ ื–ื™ืกืžืŸ

ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืฉืจืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช. ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืžืชืžืฉืš, ืฆื•ื•ืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘.ืก.ืจ 4 ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง.

ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื ื™ืช ยท ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง

ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื™ื—ื“ ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.